ABSTRACT
Background: Fragment re-attachment has been considered as one of the treatment modalities for the management of fractured anterior teeth. Hydration of fractured fragments aids in inhibiting the loss of ions and maintains vitality and esthetics. Aim: The study aimed to evaluate the effect of preconditioning the fractured fragments with remineralizing agents on fracture resistance of re-attached teeth. Settings and Design: This was an in vitro study. Materials and Methods: Sixty freshly extracted noncarious human permanent maxillary central and lateral incisors were randomly allocated into three Groups of 20 each: Group 1: 2% sodium fluoride (2%NaF), Group 2: casein phosphopeptide–amorphous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP), and Group 3: self-assembling peptide P11-4 (SAP). These were further divided into two subgroups of 10 teeth each, based on contact time with remineralizing agents, i.e., 30 min and 2 h. Fractured fragments were treated with remineralizing agents for a specified contact time and then re-attached with flowable composite resin. Force required to fracture the re-attached tooth was recorded in Newtons using universal testing machine. Statistical Analysis: Unpaired t-test, one-way analysis of variance test, and post hoc Tukey test were used for the statistical analysis. Results: A higher fracture resistance was noticed in fragments treated with 2% NaF (30 min- 215.6 N, 2 h- 188.5 N) compared to CPP-ACP (30 min- 141.3 N, 2 h- 111.1 N) and SAP (30 min- 134.8 N, 2 h- 149.5 N). At 30 min interval, it was found to be more in 2% NaF and CPP-ACP groups compared to 2 h. However, it increased with time in the SAP group. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups at both time intervals (P = 0.007 and 0.017). Conclusion: Preconditioning of fractured coronal fragments with 2% NaF showed higher fracture resistance compared to CPP-ACP and self-assembling peptide P11-4. Samples treated with SAP P11-4 exhibited good fracture resistance at 2 h contact time.
ABSTRACT
Diversos estudios han demostrado mayor o menor grado de afectacióndel esmalte después del uso de los distintos tratamientos para blanqueamiento dental. Por este motivo, se han propuesto varios métodos ytratamientos remineralizantes que pudieran revertir los efectos negativosde dicho tratamiento. El objetivo del presente trabajo fue evaluar el efecto del Opalescence PF 15 por ciento (peróxido de carbamida al 15%) y delremineralizante Flor-Opal (NaF al 1.1 por ciento), ambos de la casa comercialUltradent, así como de la saliva artifi cial sobre la microdureza y la micromorfología del esmalte humano. Se utilizaron 10 incisivos centrales superiores recién extraídos provenientes de centros de salud del Puerto de Veracruz, México. Réplicas de estos dientes fueron obtenidas en lasdiferentes fases del tratamiento de blanqueamiento para ser posteriormente observadas en el microscopio electrónico de barrido (MEB). Asimismo, se realizaron mediciones de microdureza en la superficie del esmalte de los dientes seleccionados durante las diferentes fases del tratamiento de blanqueamiento. Se observó que la microdureza del esmalte se ve disminuida (aunque no significativamente) después de la aplicación del peróxido de carbamida al 15 por ciento, y vuelve a subir después de la aplicación de los remineralizantes, para posteriormente volver a descender siete días después del uso de los mismos. Los datos de microdureza coincidieron con los de micromorfología obtenidos enel MEB. Se concluye que el peróxido de carbamida al 15 opr ciento sí afecta lamicromorfología de la superficie del esmalte, además de que disminuyela microdureza del mismo. Con el uso del remineralizante Flor-Opal se onsiguieron mayores valores de microdureza y mejores características micromorfológicas comparado con la saliva artificial.
Studies have shown varying degrees of involvement of the enamel following the use of tooth-whitening treatments. Consequently, a range of methods and remineralizing treatments have been proposed to reverse their negative effects. The aim of this study was, therefore, to evaluate the effect of Opalescence PF 15% (carbamide peroxide 15%) and the remineralizing treatment Flor-Opal (1.1% NaF), both produced by Ultradent, as well as artifi cial saliva on the microhard-ness and micromorphology of human enamel. Ten recently-extracted central incisors from health centers in the port of Veracruz, Mexico, were used. Replicas of these teeth were made at the various stages of the whitening treatment in order to observe these under a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Microhardness measurements were also taken on the surface of the enamel of the teeth selected at each of the various stages of the whitening treatment. The microhardness of the enamel was found to decrease (though not signifi cantly) after the ap-plication of carbamide peroxide 15%, then increase again following the application of the remineralizing agents, only to decrease again seven days after these were applied. The microhardness data coincided with that for micromorphology obtained from the SEM. We conclude that carbamide peroxide 15% does affect the micromorphology of the enamel surface and also decreases its microhardness. Flor-Opal produced higher microhardness values and better micromorphological characteristics compared to artifi cial saliva.
Subject(s)
Humans , Tooth Bleaching/instrumentation , Tooth Bleaching/methods , Dental Enamel/ultrastructure , Tooth Remineralization/instrumentation , Hardness Tests , Materials Testing , Microscopy, Electron, Scanning/methods , Data Interpretation, Statistical , Surface PropertiesABSTRACT
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of the study was to evaluate and compare the in vitro effect of fluoride varnish, APF gel and MI paste on the color stability and surface roughness of esthetic restorative materials. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 60 disks of each conventional glass ionomer and resin composite were made using molds of 1.2 cm x 2 mm. All the specimens were suspended in artificial saliva for 48 hours at 37ºC. Subsequently, fluoride varnish, APF gel, and MI paste were applied to all the subgroups except the controls. All the specimens were again suspended in artificial saliva and incubated at 37ºC for 24 hours. After incubation, they were cleaned using a toothbrush and toothpaste, and stored in the artificial saliva for 1 week. During this period, the specimens were subjected to color and surface roughness measurement. RESULTS: Measurements were expressed as mean ± standard deviation and compared between two groups by Students t test. One way ANOVA was used for multiple group comparison and Tukeys test for pair wise comparison. CONCLUSION: The deterioration of GIC material was more rapid compared to composites when fluoride varnish, APF gels and GC Tooth Mousse were applied. The use of remineralizing agents on esthetic restorative materials causes changes in color and surface texture.
OBJETIVOS: A finalidade deste estudo foi avaliar e comparar o efeito in vitro do verniz com flúor, do gel APF e da pasta MI na estabilidade de cor e aspereza de superfícies de materiais restauradores estéticos. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: 60 discos de cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional e 60 de resina composta foram produzidos usando moldes de 1,2 cm x 2 mm. Todos os corpos de prova foram mantidos em saliva artificial por 48 horas a 37oC. Em seguida, verniz fluorado, gel APF e pasta MI foram aplicados a todos os subgrupos, com exceção do grupo controle. Todos os corpos de prova foram novamente imergidos em saliva artificial e incubados a 37oC por 24 horas. Após a incubação, eles foram limpos utilizando escova de dentes e pasta, sendo mantidos em saliva artificial por uma semana. Durante esse período, os corpos foram submetidos a medições de coloração e de aspereza de superfície. RESULTADOS: As medidas foram expressas como medianas +- de desvio-padrão e comparadas entre dois grupos pelo teste t de Student. ANOVA foi usada para comparação entre grupos e o teste de Tukey foi utilizado para comparações por pares. CONCLUSÃO: A deterioração do ionômero de vidro foi mais rápida quando comparada com os compósitos pela aplicação de verniz com flúor, gel APF e pasta GC dental. O uso de agentes remineralizantes nas restaurações estéticas pode causar alterações de cor e textura de superfície.